Infrastructure
Payment Service Provider (PSP)
Definition
Payment Service Provider (PSP) a company that provides payment processing services to merchants, typically bundling acquiring, processing, and gateway services into a single offering. PSPs like Stripe, Adyen, and Checkout.com handle the entire payment stack, simplifying integration for merchants. PSPs may operate as PayFacs (aggregating merchants under their own MID) or facilitate direct merchant accounts with acquirers.
Related Terms
Payment Facilitator (PayFac)
A payment model where a master merchant (the PayFac) aggregates sub-merchants under its own merchant account. PayFacs like Stripe, Square, and PayPal perform underwriting, onboarding, and risk management on behalf of their acquirers. This enables fast merchant onboarding but means sub-merchants don't have their own MIDs. PayFac model works well for smaller merchants but creates single-point-of-failure risk.
Acquirer
A bank or financial institution licensed by card networks to process card transactions on behalf of merchants. Also called acquiring bank or merchant acquirer. The acquirer provides the merchant account, assumes liability for merchant behavior, manages settlements, and handles chargebacks. Major acquirers include Worldpay, First Data (Fiserv), Chase Paymentech, and Elavon. Different acquirers have different risk appetites for merchant verticals.
Payment Gateway
The technology that securely transmits transaction data between a merchant's website/application and the payment processor. The gateway encrypts sensitive card data, routes transactions for authorization, and returns responses. Can be provided by the PSP (integrated) or operated separately (standalone). Examples include Authorize.net, Braintree, and NMI.
Payment Orchestrator
A platform that sits between merchants and multiple PSPs/acquirers, providing intelligent routing, unified integration, and centralized management. Orchestrators enable routing by geography, card type, or performance; automatic failover; and token portability between processors. Examples include Spreedly, Primer, and Gr4vy. Makes sense for merchants using multiple processors at scale.
See Also
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